How did the European Marriage Pattern persist? Social versus familial inheritance: England and Quebec, 1650–1850
研究了欧洲婚姻模式（EMP）为何能持续数百年，发现其并非通过家庭垂直传承，而是通过社会横向传播，因为高生育个体的后代并未继承其生育行为。
The European Marriage Pattern (EMP), in place in NW Europe for perhaps 500 years, substantially limited fertility. But how could such limitation persist when some individuals who deviated from the EMP norm had more children? If their children inherited their deviant behaviors, their descendants would quickly become the majority of later generations. This puzzle has two possible solutions. The first is that all those that deviated actually had lower net fertility over multiple generations. We show, however, no fertility penalty to future generations from higher initial fertility. Instead the EMP survived because even though the EMP persisted at the social level, children did not inherit their parents’ individual fertility choices. In the paper we show evidence consistent with lateral, as opposed to vertical, transmission of EMP fertility behaviors. • The European Marriage Pattern (EMP), in place in NW Europe for perhaps 500 years, substantially limited fertility. • We show no fertility penalty to future generations from higher initial fertility in the first generation. • The EMP survived because children did not inherit their parents’ individual fertility choices. • We show evidence consistent with lateral, as opposed to vertical, transmission of fertility behaviors.