Beyond birth: The medium-term health impact of prenatal exposure to air pollution
利用意大利某大区所有活产婴儿的纵向数据，匹配卫星PM10浓度估计，发现产前暴露于中度空气污染不仅导致出生结局恶化，还增加了儿童10岁前的住院和处方药使用，尤其在健康分布底端，并量化了货币成本。
We investigate the medium-term health effects of prenatal exposure to moderate air pollution by matching satellite PM10 concentration estimates with longitudinal data on hospitalisations and filled prescriptions for the universe of live births in a large Italian region. We employ exogenous variation in PM10 in a multiple fixed-effects model to show that prenatal exposure to pollution leads to worse birth outcomes and to more hospitalisations and filled prescriptions in the first 10 years of life, especially at the bottom health quantiles. We use these estimates to quantify the monetary cost of prenatal exposure to air pollution.