On the optimization of green multimodal transportation: a case study of the West German canal system
研究了双目标多式联运路径问题，通过优化运输模式、转运地点和港口分配，最小化成本和温室气体排放。以西德运河系统化工品供应为例，发现多式联运比纯内河运输节省23%成本，而基础设施故障时成本增加近28%。
Abstract In this study, we address a biobjective multimodal routing problem that consists of selecting transportation modes and their respective quantities, optimizing transshipment locations, and allocating port orders. In the objective functions, we minimize total transportation costs and use the EcoTransit methodology to minimize total greenhouse gas emissions. The optimization model selects the transportation mode and transshipment port where quantities are transshipped from one mode to another. We compare inland waterway transportation and trucks encountering infrastructure failures that require rerouting or modal shifting in a real-life case study on the supply of goods for the chemical industry in the West German canal system. We propose a population-based heuristic to solve large instances in a reasonable computation time. A sensitivity analysis of demand, of varying lock times, and of infrastructure failure scenarios was conducted. We show that compared with inland waterway transportation, multimodal transportation reduces costs by 23% because of longer lock times. Our analysis shows that the use of inland waterway transportation only during infrastructure failures imposes nearly 28% higher costs per day depending on the failure location compared to that of the case of no failures. We also show that the use of a multimodal transportation system helps to reduce this cost increase in lock failure scenarios.