Gender Differences in Math Tests: the Role of Time Pressure
通过随机实验发现，减少或消除时间压力可使数学测试中的性别差距缩小最多40%，且主要源于焦虑降低而非策略改变，同时不影响测试成绩对大学表现的预测力。
Abstract We investigate the role of time pressure in generating gender gaps in math tests. In a randomised experiment, college students took a twenty-question math test under high, low or no time pressure. Reducing or eliminating time pressure decreases the math gender gap by up to 40%. Larger gaps under time pressure are mostly due to increased anxiety rather than to students modifying their test-taking strategies. The correlation between math test scores and university performance is equally high under the different scenarios. Hence, less time pressure may increase gender equality in math subjects with no effect on the selection process.