Positive, negative or graded sustainability labelling? Which is most effective at promoting a shift towards more sustainable product choices?
通过德国、西班牙和捷克1243名消费者的在线实验，比较正面、负面和分级三种可持续性标签对产品选择的影响，发现分级标签最有效引导消费者选择更可持续的产品。
Abstract Sustainability labels convey information about different product attributes, such as its environmental impact, lifespan or ethical performance. The labelling can be either positive (only identifying the most sustainable products available on the market), negative (only identifying the least sustainable products available on the market) or graded (comparing the sustainable performance of a product with that of all other products on the market). We assess the relative performance of these three labelling approaches in terms of influencing product choices. A nationally representative sample of 1243 consumers from Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic participated in an incentive‐compatible online discrete choice experiment with random allocation to different labelling approaches. Compared with positive and negative labels, graded labels were most effective in guiding consumers towards more sustainable product choices. These findings support policy interventions that convey product sustainability with graded labels.