An experimental comparison of contributions in collective prevention games and public goods games
实验比较了集体预防博弈（贡献增加集体有利事件概率）与公共物品博弈（贡献影响公共物品数量），发现概率损失环境下合作显著高于确定性环境。
Abstract In many collective action problems individuals' contributions increase the probability of a collectively favorable event rather than affect the quantity of public goods provided. Such problems, that we refer to as collective prevention games, remain largely unexplored in the literature. We fill this gap by setting up an experiment where subjects' contributions increase the probability of a fixed collective benefit or reduce the probability of a fixed negative externality. Our main result is a substantial increase in cooperation in the probabilistic loss environment compared to the deterministic one. We explore some behavioral mechanisms that could drive this result.