Orientation towards environmental sustainability in European family versus nonfamily firms: the role of policymaker engagement and incentives
研究了欧洲制造业中家族企业与非家族企业的环境导向差异，发现家族企业环境导向更强，但与政策制定者互动会削弱这一关系，且家族企业更倾向于提供货币激励并覆盖更广的受益者。
This study contributes to the debate on family business environmental sustainability by investigating the environmental orientation of family versus nonfamily firms. We study whether family business status affects (i) the extent of environmental orientation, i.e. the number of incentives set for environmental sustainability activities, contingent upon firms’ engagement with policymakers, and (ii) how firms’ environmental orientation unfolds, considering the types and beneficiaries of the incentives. To do so, we build on behavioural theories in family business, along with the literature on firm non-market strategies and responses to institutional pressure. Data on 162 European manufacturing firms from the Carbon Disclosure Project and the Orbis database are collected. Our results show that family firms have a higher degree of environmental orientation than nonfamily firms. However, when they engage with policymakers, the family firm–environmental orientation relationship weakens. Regarding the types and beneficiaries of the incentives, family firms are more likely to provide monetary incentives and to be more inclusive in their incentive systems than nonfamily firms are.