Measuring corporate sustainability in its multidimensionality: A formative approach to integrate ESG and triple bottom line approaches
开发并验证了一个包含治理、繁荣、地球和人员四个维度的企业可持续性实施量表，基于对303家意大利企业的调查和案例研究，强调治理维度对三重底线方法的补充作用。
Abstract Corporate sustainability is a multifaceted concept with different definitions and measures proposed by the literature and the standards. This study aims to develop and validate a scale of corporate sustainability implementation that can face the complexity and multidimensionality of the concept. Specifically, the scale was designed around four dimensions (governance, prosperity, planet, and people), a three‐level structure, and a formative approach. The scale validation process entailed the engagement of experts, a survey of 303 Italian firms, and a case study application. The findings highlight the nature of the third‐order construct of sustainability implementation and the relevance of adding the governance dimensions to the most spread triple bottom line approach. As a theoretical contribution, this study argues that the missed recognition of these features could originate differences in previous sustainability measures. Further studies would apply the scale to measure firm sustainability in different contexts and in relationship with relevant drivers and outcomes.