Favoritism under multiple sources of social pressure
研究社会压力导致偏袒的多个来源，利用欧洲足球比赛数据发现，主队球迷并非偏袒主队的主因，而是主队组织的影响力在起作用，这对维持强队排名和阻碍小球队进步有负面影响。
Abstract When social pressure leads to favoritism, policies might aim to reduce the bias by affecting its source. This paper shows that multiple sources may be present and telling them apart is important. We build a novel and granular dataset on European football games and revisit the view that supporting crowds make referees help the host team. We find this bias to remain unchanged even in stadiums closed due to Covid‐19. Instead, influential host organizations emerge as the source of social pressure. This has an adverse effect on maintaining the ranking of influential teams and hindering the progress of smaller teams.