Beyond trading: knowledge spillovers and learning-by-exporting in global value chains
研究了德国出口中间品是否通过知识溢出促进进口国学习，发现专利引用与出口中间品及德国研发支出正相关，且吸收能力起正向调节作用。
Abstract Does exporting intermediate goods induce learning from importers? In this paper, we examine to what extent learning from German industries can be explained by knowledge spillovers, channeled through the export of intermediate goods. Our study is based on a sample of 27 German trade partners in 14 manufacturing industries for the period 2004–2016. Using data on patent citations and trading in intermediate goods, we find support for the widely known “learning-by-exporting” hypothesis. Our analyses reveal that citations to German patents are positively related to exported intermediate goods weighted by German R&D expenditure. The relationship between these spillovers and learning seems to be particularly strong in certain industries. We also show that the level of absorptive capacity of the exporting industry-country plays a positive role in mediating these spillovers.