JUE insight: Air pollution and student performance in the U.S.
研究美国发电燃料变化对空气污染和学生考试成绩的影响，发现颗粒物污染每增加一个单位，考试成绩下降0.016个标准差；发电污染减少使全国考试成绩提高0.03个标准差，并缩小了黑人与白人学生的成绩差距。
The United States has seen a drastic shift in the fuels used for electricity production. We study the consequences of these changes on air pollution and test scores. Using data covering the near-universe of students and a shift-share instrument that interacts local fuel shares with national growth rates, we show that each one-unit increase in particulate pollution reduces test scores by 0.016 standard deviations. Our estimates indicate that pollution reductions from electricity generation raised nationwide test scores by 0.03 standard deviations. As pollution declines were largest in majority-black districts, the black–white test score gap fell by 0.01 standard deviations.