Eyes that Lead: The charismatic influence of gaze signaling on employee approval and extra-effort
通过两项研究（移动眼动追踪和观察者报告），发现领导者更明显的凝视行为会让员工觉得他们有魅力、有支配力，从而获得更多认可并激励员工超越绩效期望。
Charismatic leadership significantly influences organizational performance, with recent research emphasizing the pivotal role of leader behavior in conveying charisma to employees. In two studies we explore the underexplored concept of eye-directed gaze as a charismatic leadership signal and its impact on team leadership effectiveness. The first study employed mobile eye-tracking during interactive negotiations, while the second relied on observer reports in leader–follower groups. Consistently, our results indicate that leaders exhibiting more pronounced eye-directed gaze are perceived as charismatic, dominant, assertive, and competent by their employees. Furthermore, these leaders receive higher approval from their followers and inspire them to surpass performance expectations. In conclusion, our findings underscore the effectiveness of employing eye-directed gaze as a tactic for charismatic leadership, empowering leaders to amplify their influence and message reception within their teams.