The Dynamic Effects of Recycling on Oligopoly Competition: Evidence from the US Paper Industry
研究了消费者回收如何影响寡头企业的竞争策略，发现美国造纸业中面临回收品竞争的企业会减少产量，并分析了这一策略反应对环境政策的影响。
Consumer recycling generates new intermediate inputs. If some of the inputs are used to manufacture a substitute for the original product, the primary seller faces an incentive to reduce current output and raise rivals’ future costs. I find that firms in the US paper industry facing exposure to future competition from the recycled sector, based on differences between product specific recycling technologies, reduced output more than firms not exposed to the recycled sector as consumer recycling increased. I then use the model to illustrate how the strategic response to recycling affects environmental policy.