Tripping through Hoops: The Effect of Violating Compulsory Government Procedures
通过实地实验，研究发现未能出庭导致后续罚款和费用增加59%（约79美元），相当于高息贷款，但对逮捕率无显著影响。
Millions of Americans must navigate complex government procedures under the threat of punishment. Violating these requirements can lead to poverty traps or deepening legal system involvement. We use a field experiment to estimate the effect of failing to appear for court on subsequent legal contact. The treatments reduce failure to appear by 40 percent. Using treatment assignment to identify the causal impact of minor procedural violations, we find no effect on arrests. However, for lower-level cases, violations increase fines and fees paid by 59 percent or $79, equivalent to a high-interest loan, showing that minor procedural violations can be costly.