Tiebout Sorting and Toxic Releases
结合迁移数据和有毒物质排放数据，研究发现迁往环境更清洁县的住户收入更高，表明存在按收入的环境分类现象，这可能导致县际污染暴露差异持续存在。
Abstract Combining detailed county-to-county migration data with Toxics Release Inventory data, and fine-scale $$\hbox{PM}_{2.5}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>PM</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> concentration levels, we investigate the relationship between internal migration, income of migrant and non-migrant households and county-level differences in environmental quality. We show that households moving to “cleaner” counties are relatively “richer”—a result consistent with a sorting by income in the spirit of Tiebout (1956). An implication of this finding is that internal migration could contribute to the persistence of disparities in pollution exposure at the county-level.