Neither state nor market: competitive emulation in higher education
本文提出“竞争性模仿”概念，描述大学在声望体系中通过学术成就、互访、建筑等维度竞争，强调这种竞争不同于经济或政治竞争，且未被排名完全取代，对理解大学战略行动有启发。
For two centuries, academics and their universities have competed for prominence and vied to demonstrate that their institutions are at the center of the scholarly world. Scientific advances in particular fields, reciprocal academic visits and conferences, impressive physical architecture, and publishing in shared venues and a lingua franca are among the many dimensions in which universities seek prestige in a relational status system. We call this system competitive emulation and theorize it as a mode of rivalry neither fully captured by imaginaries of economic and political competition nor eclipsed by third-party ranking schemes. By nuancing university competition this way, we emphasize its fragility, dynamism, and relationality, and suggest how this special form of competition might be leveraged for strategic action in our current times.