How Lincoln’s revolutionary monetary policies tipped the scales in the Civil War
分析林肯政府在内战期间通过发行绿背纸币和建立国家银行体系，以革命性货币政策克服经济困境，为联邦胜利奠定基础。
Abstract President Abraham Lincoln’s tenure is often heralded for its profound influence on the socio-political fabric of the USA, yet its economic implications, particularly through the lens of monetary policy, are equally transformative. As the nation found itself ensnared in the throes of the Civil War, Lincoln’s administration faced not only a military insurrection but also an economic quandary of monumental proportions. Lincoln, recognising the limitations of traditional gold-backed currency and the dispersed state banking system, advocated for a bold reconfiguration of national monetary policy. This reconfiguration was predicated on two groundbreaking initiatives: the issuance of ‘greenbacks’—legal tender not backed by gold but by the government’s promise—and the establishment of a national banking system under the National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864. It is within this context that Lincoln’s monetary strategies emerged as a cornerstone for the Union’s eventual triumph.