Propagation and Amplification of Local Productivity Spillovers
利用美国工厂级数据，发现大型工业工厂开业不仅提升本地工厂生产率，还通过多工厂多区域企业的知识共享网络，使数百英里外的工厂生产率也得到提升，且这种全球溢出不随距离衰减。
The gains from agglomeration economies are believed to be highly localized. Using confidential Census plant‐level data, we show that large industrial plant openings raise the productivity not only of local plants but also of distant plants hundreds of miles away, which belong to large multi‐plant, multi‐region firms that are exposed to the local productivity spillover through one of their plants. This “global” productivity spillover does not decay with distance and is stronger if plants are in industries that share knowledge with each other. To quantify the significance of firms' plant‐level networks for the propagation and amplification of local productivity shocks, we estimate a quantitative spatial model in which plants of multi‐region firms are linked through shared knowledge. Counterfactual exercises show that while large industrial plant openings have a greater local impact in less developed regions, the aggregate gains are greatest when the plants locate in well‐developed regions, which are connected to other regions through firms' plant‐level (knowledge‐sharing) networks.