Is Shanghai a rival to Seoul? Analysis on complementary and competitive relationships in trade
研究了2002至2022年中韩14个经济区域在出口规模上的互补与竞争关系，发现首尔对上海互补但反之不成立，北京则偏向竞争。
Despite the continuous expansion of trade and investment agreements between China and South Korea, little is known about the distribution of benefits and losses stemming from synergy and competition at the regional level. This paper aims to investigate the complementary and competitive interactions among 14 economic regions of the two countries concerning bilateral export scale. Using a Dendrinos-Sonis model based on a zero-sum structure, we analyzed the interregional trade patterns between the two countries from 2002 to 2022. The evidence shows that the growth of Seoul metropolitan area is complementary to the growth of Shanghai metropolitan area in terms of regioinal export share, but not vice versa . Central Area in South Korea exhibits widespread complementarity, while Beijing metropolitan leans towards competition. • Complementary and competitive inter-regional relationships between China and South Korea is examined. • Dendrinos-Sonis model, extended for cross-border regions, is applied. • Seoul is complementary to Shanghai, but not vice versa. • Competition prevails in Beijing's interrelationship with other regions.