Measuring the relationship between territorial exclusion and depopulation – A municipal classification proposal to guide territorial balance
本研究提出领土排斥指标，涵盖服务、经济和可达性缺陷，通过结构方程模型证明其是人口减少的驱动因素，并对西班牙阿拉贡地区的市镇进行分类，为制定差异化政策提供依据。
The rural exodus in Europe has triggered population loss and ageing in many regions, exacerbating demographic and socio-economic imbalances. This study employs a comprehensive methodology to address these challenges, introducing a Territorial Exclusion indicator that covers deficiencies in services, economic stagnation, and limited accessibility of municipalities. Using structural equation modeling, we demonstrate how territorial exclusion acts as a fundamental factor driving depopulation. Furthermore, the study identifies homogeneous groups of municipalities based on their level of territorial exclusion, emphasizing the need for differentiated approaches in developing targeted and effective territorial development policies. To illustrate these findings, we focus on the region of Aragon (Spain) as an extreme example, providing valuable insights into the broader implications of territorial exclusion and informing strategies for addressing depopulation challenges in the region and beyond. • Structural Equation Modelling for addressing depopulation and territorial exclusion. • Territorial exclusion covers service, economic and accessibility deficiencies. • Territorial exclusion is a driver of depopulation (population loss and ageing). • Cluster Analysis for addressing geographical heterogeneity of territorial exclusion. • Strategies to address the challenges of depopulation and territorial exclusion.