Enterprise information and communications technology software pricing and developer productivity measurement
估计企业ICT功能软件影子价格，发现2015-2021年软件价格下降被低估4.4个百分点，修正后软件支出占非住宅固定投资比例从19.6%升至24.7%。
Abstract The 1999 addition of business sector software and services spending to the National Income and Product Accounts was an important innovation, achieving a novel focus on the measurement of intangible asset investment. Over the intervening years, enterprise information and communication technology (ICT) has fundamentally changed. The transformation has raised questions about the extent of the decline of ICT function software prices. As a software producing sector, the business sector ICT function now has a much wider array of production factor choices. In addition, labor and multifactor software development productivity, an important sources of value creation, varies widely from year to year. With the use of a two‐sector model and a standard growth accounting framework, a business sector ICT function shadow price is estimated, finding that software price declines have been underestimated by 4.4 percentage points (ppt) over 2015 to 2021. The impact on GDP growth is a 0.1 ppt underestimate. Correcting the underestimate increases software spending from 19.6% to 24.7% of nonresidential fixed investment, and from 47.4% to 59.9% of real intellectual property product spending.