Not Your Garden (Hose) Variety Emotion: An Integrative Review of the Flows of Anger and a Path Forward
综合回顾了组织生活中愤怒的四个组织维度（角色、阶段、时间、控制水平），提出强度-方向框架，类比水流，为学者和管理者理解和管理愤怒的流动提供方向。
Our integrative review of anger in organizational life uncovered four organizing dimensions to understanding and productively managing the life cycle of anger: roles in an anger episode (i.e., angry person, target, and observer), phases of an episode (i.e., stimulus, experience, and response), time (i.e., within and beyond the episode), and level of control. Although much existing work has focused on freeze frames of specific aspects of anger, integrating these dimensions spurred development of the intensity-direction framework, which encapsulates two unifying underlying themes: the intensity (which can be amplified or dampened) and direction (which can be focused or redirected) of anger. Much like the flow of water through a garden hose, scholarship on anger needs to understand when, where, why, and how the intensity and direction of the flow of anger varies. Based on this integrative framework, we identify directions for future research that are ripe for continued exploration.