Smart city governance: assessing modes of active citizen engagement
通过文献综述，识别出嵌入式、混合式和网络式三种智慧城市治理模式，并分析公民参与深度如何随资源型角色的不同而变化，为构建未来公民参与的智慧城市提供政策建议。
This paper discusses how to govern smart cities that nurture and promote citizen engagement. By reviewing the emergent literature on the topic and rooting in a pluralistic – a descriptive and normative orientation, we identify three novel governance models: embedded, blended and networked. Our review indicates that the depth of citizen engagement varies between models based on the roles played by closely aligned resourceful actors. A collaborative environment driven by, for and with citizens seeks to build smart cities embedded in local realities. Drawing on examples from smart cities across the globe, we offer policy suggestions for building futuristic citizen-engaged smart cities.