How and when whistleblowing influences engagement: The role of emotional ambivalence, and congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms
本研究结合矛盾理论和规范焦点理论，通过三项研究（实地调查、情景实验和回忆实验）发现，举报行为通过引发情绪矛盾降低举报者的工作投入，而描述性规范与指令性规范的一致性会削弱这一负面效应。
Integrating ambivalence theory and focus theory of normative conduct, this research has explored after effect mechanism of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement. A multi-study approach was utilized to test these predictions. Study 1 (a multi-wave field study of working adults) examined the impact of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement through emotional ambivalence, as well as the moderating effect of congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms. Study 2 (a vignette experiment) further investigate the effects of whistleblowing on whistleblowers’ engagement through emotional ambivalence, aiming to strengthen causal inferences. In Study 3 (a recall experiment), we extended our model to consider a theoretically relevant moderator. Our results showed that the impact of whistleblowing on emotional ambivalence was weakened by whistleblowers’ congruence between descriptive and injunctive norms. Managers ought to give significant consideration to the detrimental impacts of whistleblowing during the post-whistleblowing stage, as well as provide guidance to members of the organization to ensure a proper understanding of social norms. Above conclusions contribute to the general knowledge of after effect mechanism of whistleblowing, providing a deeper insight into whistleblowing’s effects on whistleblowers.