The economic consequences of being widowed by war: A life-cycle perspective
利用西德生命历程数据，发现战争丧偶在二战后立即提高了女性就业率，但导致晚年就业率降低，形成育儿期工作与育儿双重负担、成年后退出劳动市场的生命周期模式，并指出补偿政策设计可能是原因。
Despite millions of war widows worldwide, little is known about the economic consequences of being widowed by war. We use life history data from West Germany to show that war widowhood increased women’s employment immediately after World War II but led to lower employment rates later in life. War widows, therefore, carried a double burden of employment and childcare while their children were young but left the workforce when their children reached adulthood. We show that the design of compensation policies likely explains this counterintuitive life-cycle pattern and examine potential spillovers to the next generation.