The idea of economic democracy in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s: Its proponents, predecessors, and critique
本文探讨了20世纪60年代捷克斯洛伐克经济学家提出的经济民主概念，介绍了其先驱思想、主要支持者（如奥塔·希克）的理论主张，以及后来在“正常化”时期受到的严厉批评，并简要提及美国学者亚罗斯拉夫·瓦内克独立提出的类似参与型经济概念。
This article explores the concept of economic democracy, particularly as developed by Czech economists in Czechoslovakia during the 1960s. During the Prague Spring, it emerged as a viable and promising economic concept within a brief timeframe, though it did not draw significant inspiration from similar concepts that had arisen in the region since at least the 1920s. The article introduces both these early ideas and the key proponents of the concept from the 1960s onward, including Ota Šik, Čestmír Kožušník, and others, along with their theoretical proposals scattered throughout their writings. Additionally, the article describes the harsh criticism directed at the concept of workplace participation during the ‘normalization’ era in Czechoslovakia. A similar concept of participatory economy, presented by Jaroslav Vanek in the USA independently of Czechoslovak economists, is also briefly introduced.