Statistical Predictions of Trading Strategies in Electronic Markets
构建统计模型预测交易者下单的方向、价格和数量，利用泛欧交易所阿姆斯特丹16周数据，发现流动性提供者行为最多样，约三分之一实际做市。
Abstract We build statistical models to describe how market participants choose the direction, price, and volume of orders. Our dataset, which spans 16 weeks for four shares traded in Euronext Amsterdam, contains all messages sent to the exchange and includes algorithm identification and member identification. We obtain reliable out-of-sample predictions and report the top features that predict direction, price, and volume of orders sent to the exchange. The coefficients from the fitted models are used to cluster trading behavior and we find that algorithms registered as Liquidity Providers exhibit the widest range of trading behavior among dealing capacities. In particular, for the most liquid share in our study, we identify three types of behavior that we call (i) directional trading, (ii) opportunistic trading, and (iii) market making, and we find that around one-third of Liquidity Providers behave as market markers.