Earnings Responses to Even Higher Taxes
利用瑞典税改中前5%高收入者边际税率提高的情况，用简单图形方法估算出四年后收入弹性为0.16，发现反应主要由工资率调整驱动，而非工时或工作变动。
Abstract We exploit a recent Swedish tax reform, implying higher marginal tax rates for the top 5% of the earnings distribution, to learn about earnings responses to higher taxes. Using a simple and graphical cross-sectional method, we estimate an earnings elasticity of 0.16, evaluated four years after the reform. Our analysis indicates that the response is driven by adjustments in wage rates, and not by changes to hours, job switches or income shifting. We interpret the magnitude and preciseness of the response using a realistically calibrated simulation model in which people face uncertain marginal tax rates due to earnings dynamics.