Electric Vehicle Subsidies and Urban Air Pollution Disparities
研究了美国七个大都市区按邮编划分的电动汽车补贴效果，发现补贴集中在富裕且污染较轻的社区，而针对低收入社区的补贴能更有效减少其空气污染物排放。
Electric vehicles are subsidized at the federal, state, and local level. The design of these subsidies affects which consumers benefit most and where less-polluting vehicles are driven. We study these effects using a panel of new vehicle purchases at the zip-code level for seven US metro areas. We first describe patterns of neighborhood-level electric vehicle adoption and subsidy receipt. Adoption has been spatially uneven and concentrated in more advantaged and less polluted neighborhoods. We then pair a structural model of vehicle demand with a model of on-road emissions to study the effects of electric vehicle subsidy targeting for the Chicago metro area. A neighborhood income-targeted policy achieves lower overall reductions in carbon emissions but higher reductions in criteria pollution (NOx and PM2.5) in lower-income neighborhoods.