Expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados: Market impacts and unintended consequences
研究了美国允许从墨西哥哈利斯科州进口牛油果后，对美墨市场的影响，发现美国消费者受益，但墨西哥市场结果复杂，且可能影响米却肯州和哈利斯科州的贩毒集团活动。
Due to phytosanitary concerns, the U.S. has historically only allowed the importation of avocados from one Mexican state—Michoacán. In Michoacán, avocados have become a source of cartel conflict and violence. In August 2022, authorized shipments of avocados from an additional Mexican state – Jalisco – were allowed to enter the U.S. This research investigates the market impacts and unintended consequences of expanding the phytosanitary exclusion zone for Mexican avocados. We find that expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone was unequivocally beneficial from the perspective of U.S. avocado users and consumers. However, economic outcomes in the Mexican market are more nuanced, and temporal relationships suggest expansion of the phytosanitary exclusion zone may have affected cartel-related activity both in Michoacán and Jalisco.