Offshore Market Design in Integrated Energy systems: A Case Study on the North Sea Region towards 2050
研究了不同离岸电力市场配置对运营成本、拥堵管理、价格和排放的影响，发现节点定价在成本和减排上最优，对能源转型决策有参考价值。
Offshore grids, with multiple interacting transmission and generation units connecting to the shores of several countries, are expected to have an important role in the cost-effective energy transition. Such massive new infrastructure expanding into a new physical space will require new offshore energy market designs. Decisions on these designs today will influence the overall value potential of offshore grids in the future. This paper investigates different possible market configurations and their impacts on operational costs and required congestion management, as well as prices and emissions. We use advanced integrated energy system optimisation, applied to a study case on the North Sea region towards 2050. Our analysis confirms the well-known concept of nodal pricing as the most preferable market configuration. Nodal pricing minimises costs (0.2–1.6 b€/year lower) and CO 2 emissions (0.6–5.6 Mton/year lower) with respect to alternative market designs investigated. The performance of the different market designs is highly influenced by the overall architecture of the offshore grid, and the rest of the energy system. E.g., flexibility options help reducing the spread between the designs. But the results are robust: nodal pricing in offshore grids emerges as the preferable market configuration for a cost-effective energy transition to carbon neutrality.