Do Youth Work in Agriculture? Short-Term Dynamics of on-Farm Rural Youth Employment in Tanzania and Malawi
利用2010-2021年四期全国代表性面板数据，分析坦桑尼亚和马拉维农村青年在农场就业的短期动态，发现约85%的青年从事农业且稳定性高，但跨部门流动显著，女性及有土地者就业更稳定。
We examine the short-term dynamics of on-farm rural youth employment in Tanzania and Malawi and its implications for development policy. Employment dynamics are assessed as the mobility between on-farm and off-farm occupations using nationally representative longitudinal data from four periods between 2010 and 2021. Most of the rural youth engaged in farming with high stability over time. In both countries, about 85 per cent of rural youth engaged in farming in 2010/11 and a significant majority remained in farming in subsequent periods. On-farm employment of female youth was more stable than that of males; it was higher and more stable for those owning land. We also discovered a considerable mobility of youth between on-farm and off-farm occupations, but the movement into on-farm employment outpaced the movement out of it. While the high stability of on-farm employment may be explained by underemployment or poor prospects in the non-agricultural sector, the considerable inter-sector mobility reflects the significantly diverse livelihood strategies of rural youth. Policies to employ and keep youth in agriculture while supporting their economic diversification strategies are needed to strengthen the sector and the broader rural economy by improving youth access to critical resources, and an enabling environment.