A Comparative Study of Handheld Augmented Reality Interaction Techniques for Developing AR Instructions using AR Authoring Tools
通过55名参与者的实验，比较了三种AR交互技术在开发AR指令时的性能、工作量和用户满意度，发现设备交互最快最准，触摸交互满意度高且工作量低。
Augmented Reality (AR) instructions offer companies tremendous savings potential. However, developing these AR instructions has traditionally been challenging due to the need for programming skills and spatial knowledge. To address this complexity, industry and academia are working to simplify AR development. A crucial aspect of this process is the accurate positioning of AR content within the physical environment, which requires effective AR interaction techniques that enable full 3D manipulation of AR elements. In this study, we conducted an experimental comparison of three different AR interaction techniques with 55 participants to empirically assess their performance, workload, and user satisfaction across tasks related to AR instruction development. Our findings contribute to the design of future AR instructions and AR authoring tools, emphasizing the importance of evaluating AR interaction techniques that can be utilized by users without programming experience tailored to the specific needs of the intended application domain. • AR authoring tools allow service technicians to create AR instructions independently. • Comparison of AR interaction techniques for tasks needed to develop AR instructions. • The device-based AR interactions exhibit the fastest and accuratest translation. • The touch-based AR interactions exhibit higher satisfaction and a lower workload. • We highlight the need to evaluate AR interaction techniques for the intended use case.