Hidden semi-Markov models for rainfall-related insurance claims
研究了挪威降雨导致房屋保险索赔的时间结构，用隐半马尔可夫模型捕捉非高斯性和时间动态，发现2004-2020年暴雨风险呈上升趋势，为保险公司应对气候不确定性提供建模参考。
We analyze the temporal structure of a novel insurance dataset about home insurance claims related to rainfall-induced damage in Norway and employ a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) to capture the non-Gaussian nature and temporal dynamics of these claims. By examining a broad range of candidate sojourn and emission distributions and assessing the goodness-of-fit and commonly used risk measures of the corresponding HSMM, we identify an appropriate model for effectively representing insurance losses caused by rainfall-related incidents. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the temporal aspects of weather-related insurance claims and demonstrate that the proposed HSMM adeptly captures this feature. Moreover, the model estimates reveal a concerning trend: the risks associated with heavy rain in the context of home insurance have exhibited an upward trajectory between 2004 and 2020, aligning with the evidence of a changing climate. This insight has significant implications for insurance companies, providing them with valuable information for accurate and robust modeling in the face of climate uncertainties. By shedding light on the evolving risks related to heavy rain and their impact on home insurance, our study offers essential insights for insurance companies to adapt their strategies and effectively manage these emerging challenges. It underscores the necessity of incorporating climate change considerations into insurance models and emphasizes the importance of continuously monitoring and reassessing risk levels associated with rainfall-induced damage. Ultimately, our research contributes to the broader understanding of climate risk in the insurance industry and supports the development of resilient and sustainable insurance practices.