Privacy‐Preserving Signals
研究了在任意状态空间和隐私集下，信号如何保持隐私不变，并刻画了隐私保护信号的特征，对统计歧视、拍卖和价格歧视中的敏感信息揭示有经济意义。
A signal is privacy‐preserving with respect to a collection of privacy sets if the posterior probability assigned to every privacy set remains unchanged conditional on any signal realization. We characterize the privacy‐preserving signals for arbitrary state space and arbitrary privacy sets. A signal is privacy‐preserving if and only if it is a garbling of a reordered quantile signal . Furthermore, distributions of posterior means induced by privacy‐preserving signals are exactly mean‐preserving contractions of that induced by the quantile signal . We discuss the economic implications of our characterization for statistical discrimination, the revelation of sensitive information in auctions and price discrimination.