Sixty years of the Voting Rights Act: progress and pitfalls
回顾1965年《投票权法案》对黑人政治参与的影响，从地方层面的政治参与、公共品供给、劳动力市场结果到白人的反应，为减少种族歧视和不平等的政策制定提供参考。
Abstract We review the literature on the effects of the 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA), which removed formal restrictions to Black political participation. After a brief description of racial discrimination suffered by Black Americans since Reconstruction, we introduce the goals that the VRA was meant to achieve. Next, we discuss the local level impact of the law on political participation and representation, on public goods provision and policing practices, and on labour market outcomes. We then turn to Whites’ reactions, from political realignment to electoral counter-mobilization to changes in voting rules and arrests patterns. We conclude by discussing how the evidence reviewed in this article can inform policy-making and the design of legislation aimed at reducing racial discrimination and inequality.