Conditions for Co-creation: Lessons from a planning tool for rural facility decline
本文描述并评估了一款用于农村设施和服务共创规划的模拟严肃游戏“Facility-Wise”，基于荷兰五个真实案例，总结了成功实施共创工具的六个前提条件，对关注农村社区赋权的研究者和实践者有参考价值。
Declining levels of facilities and services are a major source of concern in rural areas across Europe. Local facilities can have different individual or communal meanings, and closure can lead to a sense of loss. While many scholars advocate for empowering rural communities in the collective coping process, few studies analyse examples of co-creative planning tools. This paper describes and evaluates the development and implementation of ‘Facility-Wise’, an analogue serious game for co-creative planning and self-organization of facilities and services. The development of Facility-Wise followed an abductive and design-led approach through a participatory process. Five real cases in North-West Fryslân (Netherlands), and one fictional case, were used for prototyping. In the final format a moderator leads participants through various discussion-elements and helps them to explore future scenarios for health care, education, sports, cultural or private facilities. This paper provides a roadmap for how to develop and use co-creative planning tools, and critically reflects on the prerequisites that are needed for successful implementation. Six prerequisites to successfully implement tools for co-creation are discussed. When these conditions are met, it is possible to mitigate negative experiences of rural facility-decline and empower communities in the collective coping process. However, it can be a challenge to be truly inclusive since this co-creative tool requires time, effort and a certain level of collective efficacy to participate. • Co-creative planning could mitigate negative experiences of facility-decline. • Analogue serious games are promising tools for co-creative planning. • There are several conditions for communities to feel empowered by co-creation. • Participants should have actual agency and an equal voice. • It is a challenge for co-creation strategies to be truly inclusive.