Improving Workers' Performance in Small Firms: A Randomized Experiment on Goal Setting in Ghana
在加纳小型木薯加工厂中，培训工人记录日产量并随机让部分工人设定生产目标，发现无金钱奖惩的目标设定使工人产出提高16%、生产率提高8%，对计件工人效果更显著。
Abstract We report the results of a cost-effective intervention to improve workers' performance in small cassava processing firms in Ghana. We train workers to track their daily output and then randomly assign a sub-sample to set daily production goals. Achieving or missing a goal does not carry monetary consequences. Goal setting increases workers' output by 16%, their productivity by 8% and the average product of labor in firms by 13%. Goal setting is particularly effective for piece-rate workers, increasing their output by 32% and productivity by 24%. While not conclusive, evidence suggests that goals serve as a self-regulation device.