Bilateral Economies of Scope
研究指出企业进入一个出口市场时，部分固定成本可用于从同一市场进口，反之亦然。利用2000-2015年中国企业数据，发现同时进出口可分别降低出口和进口固定成本约42%和35%。
Abstract International transactions are costly because they require investments in logistics, contracts, and the acquisition of local institutional knowledge. We posit that a portion of the fixed cost of entering a specific export market can be used toward covering the cost of acquiring imported inputs from that same market, and vice versa. Using dis-aggregated transactions data for Chinese firms from 2000 to 2015, we document firm-level trading patterns suggesting such bilateral economies of scope. Through a structural model, we estimate that the simultaneous export and import in a given country reduce export and import fixed costs by around 42 and 35 percent, respectively.