Identifying the impact of water constraints on agricultural productivity in hillside contexts
利用不丹两轮普查的面板数据，采用空间一阶差分法估计灌溉缺口和干旱对水稻、玉米等作物产量的影响，发现灌溉缺口降低水稻产量、干旱降低玉米产量，对农业政策制定者有用。
Abstract Using a unique panel dataset based on two census rounds, we estimate the impact of irrigation gaps and drought on yields of paddy, maize, and other crops in Bhutan, an understudied country. We utilize a recently‐developed spatial first differences (SFD) approach to identify the impacts of water‐related constraints and compare these results from a panel fixed effects (FE) approach. We find that irrigation gaps reduce paddy yields and droughts reduce maize yields. Estimates from the SFD model are found to be consistent compared to those from the panel FE model. Water‐related constraints also reduce yields of vegetable crops, and other constraints such as labor shortages, wild animals, insects, and diseases reduce yields of cereal crops.