Concentration and mergers: evidence from Italian labor markets
研究了劳动力市场集中度对就业、工作保障和工资的影响，发现并购提高集中度，进而使工资降低0.14%和0.07%，雇佣减少0.77和0.68个百分点，且对男女影响不同。
Abstract This article investigates the effects of labor market concentration on employment, job security, and wages. By constructing a flow-based index, I find that concentration is generally low across markets but varies across industries. Then, I use a Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS) strategy based on the different exposures of industries to horizontal mergers. I find that mergers increase concentration, which in turn reduces wages by −0.14 and −0.07 and hires by −0.77 and −0.68%age points. I also find that (1) concentration does not affect the likelihood of a permanent hire but increases the probability that, when a temporary worker is renewed, the contract is again temporary; (2) men are affected by concentration only through wages, while women are less affected but also through job security; (3) estimates magnitude increases in concentration levels.