Institutional confidence, underreporting and academic consequences of gender-based violence among university staff and students in Europe
基于欧洲15国46所研究机构的在线调查，发现报告性别暴力会加重学术后果，但对制度回应的信心能减轻这种后果，且该保护效应仅对教职员工显著。
This article examines the relationship between reporting incidents of gender-based violence, adverse academic consequences, and confidence in institutional responses within academic institutions based on an online survey conducted in 46 research organisations located in 15 European countries. By ‘academic consequences’, we refer specifically to the effects on an individual's educational pursuits, including but not limited to changes in academic performance, disruptions in coursework, and alterations in educational trajectories. Our results show that reporting gender-based violence is associated with increased severity of academic consequences, but that confidence in institutional responses has a negative association with adverse academic consequences. The level of confidence in institutional responses is identified as a moderator, intensifying the protective effect against adverse academic consequences, but interestingly only among staff. A multilevel intersectional analysis is used, considering various identity characteristics and accounting for structural inequalities. The article concludes with a discussion of the critical role of confidence in institutional responses and suggests that institutions must move beyond procedural adjustments to foster a holistic change in culture, norms, and power structures. Recommendations for institutions include developing safe and confidential reporting mechanisms, building trust in responses, and fostering a culture of respect and zero tolerance for violence to effectively address this critical issue in academic settings.