Optimizing pricing for sustainable government-subsidized omnichannel closed-loop supply chains
研究了政府补贴如何促进供应链的环保实践，比较了分散、集中和协作三种运营模式，发现绿色成本分担协作模式能显著提升利润和环保绩效，并确定了最优补贴水平。
In this study, we explore how government subsidies contribute to the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices in supply chains, focusing on pricing, green awareness, marketing, and recycling. We compare decentralized, centralized, and collaborative operational models, both with and without subsidies, and find that the green-cost-sharing collaborative model significantly enhances supply chain profitability. This model is more cost-effective for manufacturers and retailers than decentralized or centralized approaches and achieves higher green performance compared to the decentralized model. It also strengthens recycling efforts and enhances retailers’ multitasking capabilities within a closed-loop network. Furthermore, it delivers stakeholder satisfaction comparable to centralized models while requiring significantly less selling effort, and it outperforms decentralized models in operational efficiency. Additionally, we identify the equilibrium subsidy level that maximizes environmental efficiency across decentralized and collaborative frameworks. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and strategists, contributing to both academic literature and practical applications. • Developing pricing strategies for sustainable closed-loop supply chains. • Examining centralized, decentralized, and collaborative settings. • Optimizing sustainable economic decisions. • Assessing the role of government subsidies in green initiatives.