The resilience of coastal urban destinations to typhoons: insights from a system–agent–institution framework
研究整合系统-主体-制度韧性框架与灾害管理周期，通过定性方法分析沿海城市旅游目的地在台风中的韧性表现，发现其具备准备、响应、适应等阶段的韧性特质，并识别出稳定与创新两类韧性路径。
Despite the growth in research on tourism resilience and urban resilience, the resilience of urban tourist destinations remains underexplored. This is particularly concerning given the increasing disaster risks faced by these destinations. This article integrates a system–agent–institution resilience framework with disaster management cycles to examine the systemic structure, resilience qualities, and paths to resilience of urban tourist destinations. A qualitative approach is employed to investigate the resilience of a coastal urban destination to typhoons. Our findings reveal that: (1) the destination exhibited resilience qualities across the stages of preparation and mitigation, response and recovery, and adaptation and transformation; (2) urban destination resilience is driven by two stabilization paths and three innovative paths; and (3) the critical role of formal institutions, the integration of the tourism sector through multiple channels, and the combination of top-down management with bottom-up innovation are essential for urban destination resilience. This article extends existing discussions on tourism resilience by providing a comprehensive framework for urban destination resilience to disasters and identifying key elements that contribute to resilience. It also contributes to the broader resilience literature by rethinking resilience from an integrated bottom-up and top-down perspective.