Precarious employment, strenuous working conditions and the long-term risk of diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disorders
基于瑞典全国登记数据，研究在艰苦工作条件下，不稳定的就业（如合同无保障、临时工）是否会增加确诊慢性肌肉骨骼疾病的风险，发现风险升高且因疾病类型和性别而异。
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of precarious employment (PE) on the risk of diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Swedish workers in occupations with strenuous working conditions. METHODS: This nationwide register-based cohort study included workers registered as living in Sweden in 2005, aged 21-60 at the 2010 baseline. Three samples were included: workers with high biomechanical workload (n=680 841), repetitive work (n=659 422) or low job control (n=703 645). PE was evaluated using the SWE-ROPE (2.0) construct, which includes: contractual insecurity, temporariness, multiple jobs, income and collective bargaining agreement from 2010. Three exposure groups were created: PE, substandard and standard employment (SE). MSD data were obtained from outpatient registers (2011-2020). Cox proportional-hazards models estimated crude and adjusted sex-specific HRs with 95% CIs. Various outcomes were investigated for the different samples. RESULTS: Among workers with heavy biomechanical workload, results suggest increased risks of back MSDs in PE compared with those in SE. No association was found between PE and tendonitis in repetitive work, but PE was associated with an increased Carpal Tunnel Syndrome risk among men. Among workers with low job control, PE was associated with increased risks of soft tissue disorders among men and fibromyalgia among women. CONCLUSIONS: PE was associated with an increased risk of MSDs among workers with strenuous working conditions, with variations depending on disorder and sex. The findings suggest a differential exposure to biomechanical workload within occupations. Targeted interventions and strengthened workplace safety regulations are needed to protect the musculoskeletal health of workers in PE.