The green transition dilemma: The impossible (?) quest for prosperity of South American economies
本文研究南美国家向零碳经济转型时面临的困境：由于依赖资源出口且技术落后，这些国家在减少碳排放与维持经济增长之间难以两全，只有通过绿色结构性变革才能实现长期繁荣。
This paper explores the tensions that the transition toward a zero‑carbon economy entails for countries relying on natural resource exploitation as the main drivers of (net) exports, as in most South American economies. Given their relatively low diversification and high technology gaps compared to advanced economies, attaining higher prosperity levels driven by sustained economic growth has recurrently been hampered by balance of payments crises. Using a simple long-run demand-led theoretical model with balance of payments constrained growth we show that if the structural limitations in their productive structure are not overcome, the decarbonization of the economy, be it exogenously imposed by the rest of the world or sovereignly decided by each South American country, will be exposed to the dilemma of increasing growth or reducing greenhouse gas emissions . Underpinning this dilemma is the essential role of exports and their associated carbon intensity. Finally, we show that to solve this green transition dilemma, even structural change like the one proposed by the old Latin American structuralist school might not be sufficient – only through a process of green structural change will the long-lastingly desired prosperity of South American countries cease to be an impossible quest.