Economic outcomes of gender diverse people: New evidence from linked administrative data in New Zealand
利用新西兰驾照、出生和税务等行政数据，发现跨性别和性别多元人群在就业和收入上明显不如顺性别男性，其中性别多元人群的差距更大。
• We provide new evidence on economic outcomes for gender minority people, including transgender and gender diverse/nonbinary people. • Our study uses administrative driver license applications linked to birth records, tax records, and other population-level administrative data. • Analysis shows transgender and gender diverse people have worse economic outcomes than comparable cisgender men, especially gender diverse people. We provide new evidence on the economic outcomes of transgender and gender diverse people in New Zealand (NZ) using confidential linked administrative data from driver license records – which identify gender diverse people since 2021 – linked to NZ birth and tax records. We document that gender diverse people are younger than both transgender and cisgender people but are more highly educated than transgender people. Relative to otherwise similar cisgender men, we find large employment and earnings penalties for transgender and gender diverse people. Earnings gaps for gender diverse individuals are especially large.