From Blue- to Steel-Collar Jobs: The Decline in Employment Gaps?
研究了1993至2014年间工业机器人如何影响美国劳动力人口的性别和种族构成，发现机器人使男女就业率分别下降3.7和1.6个百分点，缩小了性别就业差距；但使白人和非白人就业率分别下降1.8和4.5个百分点，扩大了种族就业差距。
I investigate how the introduction of industrial robots is shaping the demographic composition of the US labor force between 1993 and 2014. I find that robots decreased employment of men and women by 3.7 and 1.6 percentage points, contributing to the secular decline in the gender employment gap, and that they decreased employment among Whites and non-Whites by 1.8 and 4.5 percentage points, widening the race/ethnicity employment gap. These effects follow from the persistent occupational segregation in the labor market. Although robots are primarily used in manufacturing, their adverse effects spill over to local service industries, in particular for Blacks and Hispanics.