The Goal Processing Scale: cognitive correlates of an ecologically valid measure of executive functioning in mild traumatic brain injury
研究验证了目标处理量表（GPS）在慢性轻度创伤性脑损伤退伍军人中的有效性，发现其与注意力、执行功能和记忆的神经心理测量显著相关，有助于评估传统测试无法捕捉的现实功能困难。
The objective of this study was to further validate the Goal Processing Scale (GPS), an ecologically valid functional assessment of executive functioning requiring planning and executing a complex goal. Veterans (N = 69, mean age = 44.5 years) with a history of chronic mild traumatic brain injury and self-reported cognitive difficulties completed the GPS and neuropsychological measures of working memory, sustained attention, mental flexibility, inhibition, and memory during participation in one of three studies. Associations between overall GPS performance and composite neuropsychological measures of attention/executive functioning and memory were significant and medium-to-large in magnitude. Associations of similar magnitude also emerged between subcomponents of the GPS (e.g. self-monitoring, attentional switching, attention maintenance) and neuropsychological subdomains (e.g. mental flexibility, inhibition, working memory). Results suggest that the GPS facilitates structured assessment of goal-directed performance requiring integration of multiple executive functioning subdomains. The GPS may be valuable in assessing and predicting real-world functional difficulties not captured by traditional neuropsychological assessment.