Heterogeneous Preferences for Neighborhood Amenities: Evidence from GPS Data
利用超过1亿次访问记录，估计了餐馆、商店等场所的需求模型，发现不同收入群体对具体场所偏好有差异，但对社区整体便利设施可达性的偏好高度一致，主要决定因素是密度。
Abstract How do preferences for neighborhood amenities vary by income? Using data on over 100 million visits to 1.4 million establishments, I estimate a discrete choice model of demand for restaurants, shops, personal services, and entertainment places. While preferences for specific establishments often vary by income, preferences for neighborhoods' overall amenity access are highly aligned. The primary determinant is density: dense urban areas have sufficient variety to offer broad appeal. For incumbents of gentrifying neighborhoods, tailoring amenities to higher-income entrants has only modest welfare effects relative to the effects of potential displacement to cheaper neighborhoods with worse access to amenities.